Compilation isn't successful while using Debian x64.
I've tried with debian testing and debian experimental and get the following error on compilation:

[ 70%] Building CXX object Source/Core/VideoCommon/CMakeFiles/videocommon.dir/AVIDump.cpp.o
/home/danfun64/dolphin/Source/Core/VideoCommon/AVIDump.cpp: In static member function ‘static bool AVIDump::CreateFile()’:
/home/danfun64/dolphin/Source/Core/VideoCommon/AVIDump.cpp:262:24: error: ‘CODEC_ID_FFV1’ was not declared in this scope
g_Config.bUseFFV1 ? CODEC_ID_FFV1 : s_FormatContext->oformat->video_codec;
^
/home/danfun64/dolphin/Source/Core/VideoCommon/AVIDump.cpp:278:15: warning: ‘AVFrame* avcodec_alloc_frame()’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/libavcodec/avcodec.h:3114) [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
s_BGRFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
^
/home/danfun64/dolphin/Source/Core/VideoCommon/AVIDump.cpp:278:35: warning: ‘AVFrame* avcodec_alloc_frame()’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/libavcodec/avcodec.h:3114) [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
s_BGRFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
^
/home/danfun64/dolphin/Source/Core/VideoCommon/AVIDump.cpp:279:15: warning: ‘AVFrame* avcodec_alloc_frame()’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/libavcodec/avcodec.h:3114) [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
s_YUVFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
^
/home/danfun64/dolphin/Source/Core/VideoCommon/AVIDump.cpp:279:35: warning: ‘AVFrame* avcodec_alloc_frame()’ is deprecated (declared at /usr/include/libavcodec/avcodec.h:3114) [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
s_YUVFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
^
/home/danfun64/dolphin/Source/Core/VideoCommon/AVIDump.cpp: In static member function ‘static void AVIDump::AddFrame(const u8*, int, int)’:
/home/danfun64/dolphin/Source/Core/VideoCommon/AVIDump.cpp:317:85: error: ‘avcodec_encode_video’ was not declared in this scope
int outsize = avcodec_encode_video(s_Stream->codec, s_OutBuffer, s_size, s_YUVFrame);
^
Source/Core/VideoCommon/CMakeFiles/videocommon.dir/build.make:994: recipe for target 'Source/Core/VideoCommon/CMakeFiles/videocommon.dir/AVIDump.cpp.o' failed
make[2]: *** [Source/Core/VideoCommon/CMakeFiles/videocommon.dir/AVIDump.cpp.o] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:1050: recipe for target 'Source/Core/VideoCommon/CMakeFiles/videocommon.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [Source/Core/VideoCommon/CMakeFiles/videocommon.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:146: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

The issue was reported in the dolphin form as well by another user:

https://forums.dolphin-emu.org/Thread-trouble-compiling-on-debian?pid=328699#pid328699